21st Century Leaders

In leadeship development circles there has been a great deal written about "Transactional versus Transformational Leadership." Is the movement to "transformational leadership" simply a cultural trend from modern to postmodern leadership or is this the leadership style that will be most effective in the 21st century? Another question, "Is there something lacking in the 'win-win' leadership strategies that misses the heart of God for people in relationship?" The next question then is, "How can I become a transformational leader?"

That has lead me to think of a three dimensional model of leadership. The two dimensions of leadership I was taught by Howard Hendricks was that a leader knew where he or she was going and could persuade others to follow. These two elements are related to having a clear purpose and then the power to move a growing number of people toward that purpose. Now I believe the unstated element that was always in the background now needs to be in the foreground. The third dimension is "presence." We have always discussed the character qualities of leaders but what about the way in which all of those qualities blend and are being used in light of the spiritual and emmotional health of the leader? What presence do we bring? Perhaps this is at the heart of the question about "vulnerablity and humility" in mission. Not simply changing our tactics in mission and restating our purpose but to bring the presence of the one we follow, the one who washed the feet of his disciples, the one who poured out his life so that we might live.

I have become more and more convinced that as leaders we need to be developing our sense of "self awareness," so that we always anticipate our "presence" as we move into different contexts of ministry. Secondly then we need to know how our "presence" contributes to our understanding of our purpose and any given time and place and to how our "presence" affects our "power" to influence, direct or manage those who we serve.

Leading from the Future

I just read an article by Jay Gary who is a long-time friend and now ministry associate. He is the Chairman of the Board of Global Service Office, directs the Christian Futures Network and is on the faculty of Regent University School of Leadership Studies. Here are some highlights:

"What has occupied your executive team's attention the past three years? Chances are you have been restructuring departments or re-engineering core programs for immediate gain, rather than regenerating your strategies or reinventing your organization for the future. It is said that on average, corporate management devotes 90% of their time on the "Inside and Now," leaving 10% of their energy to focus on the "Outside and Then."

That forward focus might be even less in the non-profit or small business sectors given that the urgent often preempts the important due to limited resources. While shoring up today's operations is vital and necessary, it is no substitute for creating tomorrow's programs. So, how can we lead from the future, rather than the past?"

Jay's answer is to develop "strategic foresight." He writes, "Planning develops strategies for present operations while foresight creates the framework for future actions, five to ten years out." When asked about the secret of his goal scoring success, Wayne Gretsky said,"I don't skate to where the puck is, I skate to where the puck is going to be." In times that are changing it seems to me that we should reorient our actions toward the future by cultivating foresight.

The Barnabas Ministries

Spoke today by phone with Dale Frimodt. Dale married Marlene Root. Marlene and I worked together here in Colorado as a part of the CCC International University Resource Team before she married Dale. Dale was a staff member with CCC as well and was a part of the "I found it" campaigns. Dale had a burden for pastors and started the Barnabas Ministries in 1977. The Barnabas Ministries is an interdenominational ministry seeking to serve the body of Christ by providing encouragement, counseling and consulting for Christian leaders, including pastors, church leadership and missionaries.

Dale writes, "In today's world, ministers, missionaries and other Christian leaders are all on the front lines of spiritual conflict. Even in the best of times, those in ministry can feel isolated and alone, overwhelmed with the demands of ministry, burned out, and experiencing relational difficulties with family, staff, or those with whom they serve. In America today...
1400 pastors leave the ministry each month,
70% of them say they have no one they can consider a close friend,
and almost a quarter will experience a forced exit some time in their ministry.*"
*Research by Pastor's Institute and Fuller Institute Study 1991

Dale has helped many in Christian leadership address personal problems in their lives, resolve conflicts in their churches, and get refocused for ministry. Dale has chaired a steering committee to offer a Care Givers Forum, which is an annual gathering of people from across the U.S. and elsewhere who are involved in the ministry of caring for professional Christian workers and their families. Find out more about Dale and the forum at their website http://www.caregiversforum.org/

Innovation and Leadership Styles

Of course any human enterprise requires leadership. In business there is a continuous stream of study on leadership. These studies often influence leaders in the church to create organizations that reflect the latest trends in business. Once structured a leadership style can actually become a part of the organizational culture of that church and over time it is simply reinforced by a succession of leaders. In rapidly changing times when new ideas are needed innovation of strategy can be implemented, but will not create the results hoped for. The problem was not in the strategy but in the leadership structure. What may be needed is innovation of management not strategy which could be much more difficult and even painful.

Since the failures of Hurricane Katrina relief efforts and with the threat of a global outbreak of the avian flu, there has been much discussion about crisis management. “In the complex and uncertain environment of a sustained, evolving crisis, the most robust organizations will not be those that simply have plans in place but those that have continuous sensing and response capabilities.” (Noria)

Noria created a comparison between two types of organizations, which reflect two styles of leading, which I’ve adapted this article.

Directive Styles:

1. Hierarchical
2. Centralized Leadership
3. Tightly Coupled (greater interdependence among parts)
4. Concentrated workforce
5. Specialists
6. Policy and procedure driven

Delegative Styles:

1. Networked
2. Distributed Leadership
3. Loosely coupled (less interdependence)
4. Dispersed workforce
5. Cross-trained generalists
6. Guided by simple yet flexible rules
   

From “Survival of the Adaptive,” Nitin Noria, Harvard Business Review, May 2006, pg 23

• Which of these leadership structures do you thinking would more likely accelerate innovation in a rapidly changing context?
• What changes would I need to make in my leadership style to create an environment for innovation?
• What changes would I need to make in the way in which I train or equip others to implement innovative strategies?
• Could I state the simple guidelines or flexible rules for leading in my organization?

I am not suggesting that one style is “good or bad.” We need both styles, but it is important to be aware of the impact on those we are leading. We then need to communicate why the structure we have chosen is appropriate to our situation. Finally, we should either develop in the leadership style that is needed or we should ask someone else to lead out of their strength. 02/04/2007

Birkman Leadership Styles

In my work in developing local campus ministry leaders with Campus Crusade for Christ around the globe, one of greatest lessons I tried to pass on was the importance of adapting a leader’s natural or preferred style of leading to the context of their ministry. Often younger leaders either tried to follow the leadership style of a more senior leader that they admired or reacted to a leadership style of a senior leader that had offended them. Often a cultural model of “leading” may have a great impact on developing leaders from among university students in one context but fails in another cultural context.

As a consultant, one of the tools I use is the Birkman Method. Roger Birkman has identified three styles of leading: knowledge specialists, directive managers, and delegative managers. A person may have an intense preference for one style or they could have a balanced preference. This affects their perspective on whether one style is “good or bad.” It may also affect their view on issues such as spiritual authority or decision making. (If you have your Birkman report you can find your natural or preferred style of leading on the Interview Guide top right column. The scores reflect the intensity of your preference with 1 being the least preferred and 10 being the most preferred.)

When we look at the Bible and see examples of leaders it is very easy for a person to pick examples of leaders that fit one’s own perspective. Of course when we look at Jesus we often see him fulfill the roles of a prophet, a priest and a king. I can compare these roles to Roger Birkman’s three styles of leading. A prophet is like a knowledge specialist bringing truth and wisdom to our lives which points us toward a future; a priest is like a delegative manager serving as our representative to a higher authority then ourselves, and who empowers and serves us to accomplish the responsibilities’ that we own; while a king is like a directive manager serving as a representative, of a higher authority then themselves, and uses their authority so that we might accomplish a shared outcome. Which style is right? I believe it all depends on what God’s purpose is for His people who are being led at that moment. The issue is to develop a flexible style of leadership in light of God’s purpose, our context and the people who God has asked us to lead.